太湖水体势能异常及水体层化的特征及其机制          下载免费PDF全文

赵巧华  秦泉  杭蓉蓉  王玲 《大气科学学报》2014,37(6):780-785

大型浅水湖泊的水体势能异常和层化对水生生态环境演变、局地天气及气候系统有着重要的影响。基于2009年8月11—22日和3月17—28日的气象数据及水温廓线,探讨了太湖水体势能异常和表层混合层深度的变化规律及其机制。结果表明:太湖水体势能异常呈现明显的日变化特征,晚间水体势能异常消失,而白天逐步凸现出来;水—气之间的热量交换是影响水体势能异常和水体层化程度的关键性因子;夏季水体势能异常和层化程度远强于春季,其主要原因是夏季风场引起的混合作用比春季弱,而夏季水—气热量交换对水体势能异常的增强作用比春季强;水体势能异常程度与表层混合层深度存在显著的指数关系。  相似文献   

塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积演化特征及台地发育模式          下载免费PDF全文

赵学钦  杨海军  马青  周成刚  孙崇浩  尹铁君  蔡泉  孙仕勇 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,(2):36-42

通过对塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相类型、相带区域组合及分布特征的研究,根据岩石特征、沉积结构和相序特征的分析,建立了塔北奥陶系碳酸盐岩的沉积演化模式。研究认为塔北下奥陶统蓬莱坝组、中下奥陶统鹰山组、中奥陶统一间房组和上奥陶统吐木休克组沉积相横向分布较稳定。蓬莱坝组、鹰山组鹰四段、鹰三段为局限台地相;鹰二段为半局限台地相;鹰一段和一间房组属于开阔台地相,但向上水体不断变浅,一间房组沉积时期开始出现点礁;上奥陶统吐木休克组沉积时期区域整体沉降,为沉没台地-斜坡-盆地沉积。上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期盆地整体抬升,区域沉积厚度和沉积相出现较大变化,早中期发育碳酸盐开阔台地相,后期为典型的台地边缘相。  相似文献   

城市中小河道水工建（构）筑物调查测绘技术方法的探讨     

姜泉 《岩土工程技术》2014,(4):163-167

结合具体工程实例介绍了当前城市中小河道测量工程中常见水工建（构）筑物的类型、调查量测内容及对应精度指标、外业测绘取舍及内业成图表示方法等,特别是根据实地水工建（构）筑物的规模大小、复杂程度,探讨了对其进行调查测绘的技术方法,并结合CAD绘图系统提出了相应的解决办法.  相似文献   

Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Film and the Adsorption of Iodide     

GAO Can  HU Yaoqiang  ZHANG Huifang  YE Xiushen  LI Quan  LIU Haining  WU Zhijian 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):313-314

正Iodine and iodine compounds are widely applied in medicaments,dyes,energy materials,food additives etc.The development and utilization of iodine resources have attracted much attention.A large amount of iodide is  相似文献   

陆生植物氮同位素组成与气候环境变化研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘贤赵  张勇  宿庆  田艳林  王庆  全斌 《地球科学进展》2014,29(2):216-226

近年来,由于植物氮同位素组成(δ15N)记载了气候环境变化的信息,因而被广泛应用于全球变化研究中,成为古气候环境再造和了解现代气候环境变化信息的有力工具。然而,人们对气候环境引起的δ15N变化及其指示的气候环境意义并不完全清楚,这就有可能限制植物δ15N在古气候环境变化等领域研究中的应用。在概述植物氮同位素分馏和植物不同氮源的氮同位素分布的基础上,分析了温度、降水、大气CO2浓度和海拔高度等气候环境因子对陆生植物δ15N的影响以及它们的关系。指出了目前研究中存在的问题及其研究前景,认为在全球变化研究中利用植物氮同位素技术不仅可以重建古气候环境(如重建大气CO2浓度变化),揭示历史时期温度、降水的变化,而且还可以在一定的时间和空间上综合反映生态系统氮循环的特征。  相似文献   

Research Progress in Responses of Modern Terrestrial Plant Carbon Isotope Composition to Climate Change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liu Xianzhao  Zhang Yong  Su Qing  Tian Yanlin  Quan Bin  Wang Guoan 《地球科学进展》2014,29(12):1341-1354

Global climate change has been one of the most concerned environmental problems in the world since the 1980s. Since stable carbon composition (¹³C) in plant tissues can record abundant information on climate changes, it has been widely used as an important climate proxy in global change studies and becomes a powerful tool for obtaining paleoclimate information, understanding paleoenvironment reconstruction and modern climate change, and predicting future climate trends. However, a lot of potential uncertainties have always involved in the reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment by carbon isotope of the past period sediment or fossils. Among them, the most dominant uncertainty is due to our poor understanding of the relations between carbon isotope ratios of plants and climatic factors and the climatic and environmental significance indicated by modern plant ¹³C. This may limit the application of plant ¹³C in the study of climatic and environmental changes. Based on the Summary of plant ¹³C fractionation and carbon isotope distribution of different photosynthetic plants, the effects of environmental factors, e.g., temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and altitude on terrestrial plant ¹³C and their relationships were reviewed in this paper, and the response mechanism of plant ¹³C to climate changes were also analyzed. Furthermore, the current existing problems and the future prospects in carbon isotope study were discussed. It is pointed out that strengthening some studies such as the response of C₄ plants ¹³C to climate environmental parameters, the transformation relation of different scale plant ¹³C, intersection and permeation of related disciplines, and various proxies and scientific method, will undoubtedly make us have a more accurate understanding of the climate history and eventually broaden the development of the field during the process of global change study by plant carbon isotope techniques.  相似文献   

基于探地雷达的土体构型无损探测方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴全  姚喜军  陈晓东  赵敏  赵欢  云浩 《干旱区地理》2022,45(6):1860-1869

土体构型对土壤水分、溶质运移过程和作物成长等有显著影响,常规测量采用人工挖土壤剖面取样、实验室化验分析等方法,其周期长效率低。针对以上问题,以探地雷达波形及其图像为研究对象,从检测土体构型的属性（层次、层厚、土质）入手,提出了一种使用探地雷达快速测量土壤土体构型的无损探测方法。基于探地雷达波形图像的纵向梯度信息能够反应土壤分层,采用包络检波法从探地雷达回波中提取包络信号,利用Hilbert分析其瞬时相位来确定分层位置;鉴于土壤介电常数与雷达回波振幅的关系,采用探地雷达回波振幅反演各层介电常数,由介电常数推算雷达波在土壤中的传播速度,以此得到土壤剖面各层厚度;根据探地雷达波形图的图像噪声与土壤砂壤比之间存在定量关系,提出采用主成分分析方法对每一层土质的图像进行噪声估计求得各层土壤的含砂量,结合支持向量机进而辨识各层土壤土质。建立涵盖地域信息、土壤指标、探测信息、图像多特征融合信息的土体构型知识库,并编制快速识别土壤土体构型的信息系统,在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市周边2个试验基地、6个采样点、4类土壤土体构型使用该方法进行野外探测验证。研究表明：在上述地区地表以下1 m范围内的土体构型识别正确率达到94%以上;探测的每层土壤厚度相对测量误差小于10%。该研究方法为土体构型快速检测应用提供了一种新的中观探测思路。  相似文献   

华南亚热带中部山地垂直植被带表土孢粉散布规律与气候相关性     

全晓文  黄康有  水坤春  李宏卫  谢德豪  左锦堂  岑彩凤  郑卓 《热带地理》2022,42(10):1597-1608

孢粉学分析是古生态与古气候定量重建的重要指标之一,建立现代表土孢粉与植被之间的定量关系是利用地层孢粉准确解释古生态与古气候变化的前提条件。基于华南亚热带中部山地垂直植被带采集的113个现代表土和苔藓孢粉样品,采用典型对应分析方法（Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA）,探讨研究区不同海拔表土孢粉种类散布规律与气候因子之间的关系。主要得出以下结论：1）华南亚热带中部地区现代表土孢粉组合中乔木类以壳斗科栲属、常绿栎属、松属、杉木属和大戟科等种类占绝对优势,草本植物花粉以禾本科、蒿属、菊科和莎草科为主,蕨类孢子以三缝孢子、芒萁属、水龙骨科和单缝孢子为主。2）研究区低海拔至高海拔的孢粉组合呈现以下变化规律：低海拔地区（0~702 m）孢粉组合以栲属、常绿栎属、松属、野桐属、枫香属、茜草科以及禾本科花粉为主;中海拔（703~1 299 m）山坡的优势孢粉为栲属、杉木属、松属和常绿栎属;高海拔地区（1 300~1 600 m）以栲属、常绿栎属、水青冈属、杜鹃花科以及松属花粉最为丰富,表土孢粉组合变化过程与现代植被群落优势种类有较好的一致性。3）CCA分析结果显示,控制研究区域主要表土孢粉分布的气候因子为年均降雨量（MAP）、最热月降水（Mpwa）和最热月温度（Mtwa）;松属、杉木属、栲属、常绿栎属、山茶科、水青冈属和落叶栎属等高百分比含量的花粉所对应的气候特征较为明显。4）低海拔地区的优势种属栲属、常绿栎属等以及相对高海拔的松属、杉木属和水青冈属等能较好地反映气候因子对植被空间分布的影响。因此,文章揭示了华南亚热带中部地区表土孢粉在垂直植被带上具有明显差异,孢粉散布规律可能与研究区植被组成、生境、花粉形态与传播媒介等因素有关,能为利用化石孢粉数据进行古生态与古气候定量重建提供参考资料。  相似文献   

Scaling Effects on MODIS Band Ratio of 645 to 859 nm Aggregated from 250 m to 1 km Resolution: A Case Study in Yellow River Estuary     

Wenting Quan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(3):495-503

In this study, a theoretical model for studying the scaling effects on the two-band ratio of red to near-infrared band (TBRRN) is suggested. The model is used to explain the relationship between scaling error and local scale error; the results revealed that a special scale scaling procedure can be divided into a series smaller scale scaling procedures, and the total scaling error is the sum of the scaling error of these series’ smaller scale scaling procedure. Consequently, under the condition that the local scale is adequately fine, the total scale error at the target scale may be estimated accurately. In order to understand the mechanisms associated with scale in practical remote sensing, TBRRN data with 250 m and 1 km resolution is estimated from MODIS data at 645 and 859 nm, retrieved on September 1, 2009, in the Yellow River estuary, China. It is found that the TBRRN estimated from the 1 km resolution MODIS data is ~2.94 % smaller than as estimated from the 250 m MODIS data. The large scaling error distributes neither in the turbid waters, nor in the low suspended sediment regions, but instead in the high-low suspended sediment concentration transitional zone, which may be attributed to the spatial variable of suspended sediment in the transitional zone. This paper also points out that, owing to the importance of total scale error in achieving NASA’s mission in oceanic remote sensing, the way in which to conveniently and precisely estimate the total scale error of remote sensing parameters may potentially be an important topic in the field of oceanic remote sensing, both in present research and in the future.  相似文献   

国际标准海图的解析与三维显示研究     

盛佳良  郝多虎  何泉  吕铁硬  张超 《东北测绘》2014,(1):174-177

在．NET环境下,利用C#语言,研究并从底层实现了符合S-57规范的国际标准海图的解析,并将解析出的海图数据与遥感影像,DEM数据进行三维叠加显示,增强了海图显示的真实性,对于海图的应用与发展有一定的意义。  相似文献